????? ?? ????? ?????????

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??? “????? ?????” methodology ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? “??? ????? ?????” ?? ???????? “??? ???????”.

??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? “???????????”  methodology ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? [ method ] ????? ????? ??????? ??????? [ logos ] ????? ???. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????.

???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????.

????? ??????

???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? [Aristotle] ?? ?????”??????????” Organon ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.

??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.

??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????  ?????? ????? [ F. Bacon ] ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? “?????????? ??????” The New Organon  ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? “??????????” ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? [ E.Kant] ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? “??????????” Methodologie ?????? ???? ?? ???? “??? ??????? ?????” ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? “??? ??????? ??????” ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???.

????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? – ?????? ??????? ?????- ?????.

?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????.

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??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????.

???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????.

????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????.

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????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??:

? ??? ??????? ?????: ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??  ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????. ?????? ???: ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????.

 ? ??? ??????? ?????: ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????  -??? ???? ?????? – ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????.

? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????: ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? [?] ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???: ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????????:

? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????: ????????????? (??? ???????) (??? ?????? ???????? ????? 1997).

? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (??? ???? ???? ??????? ?.?).

? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? (??? ???????? ????? 1961).

-Y.BRIK, Zur Anwendung der experimentellen Methode in der Soziologie (Leipzig 1988) .

– F. BACON, Das Neue Organon (Berlin 1982)