????? ?? ????? ?????????

 ?? ??? 1801? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????.

??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????.

?????? ???? ????
??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? 1789-1807? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? 1792? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 300 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????.

??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? 12 ?? ????? ????? ??? 1216??/1801?.

??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????????.

??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????.

??? 1803? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

??? ??????? ????? ?????? 1808-1839 ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????

????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? 1804? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????.

????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? 1805?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 36 ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? 1769? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.

???? ???? ????
?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???.

??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? 1806?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? 1818?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? 1822? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????.

??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???.

??? ??????? ????? ?????? 1808-1839 ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???.

??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? 1833 ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???.

??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? 1833?1839?.

??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????: ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????.

??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????

?????? ???????
????? ?????? ?? 24 ?? ?????/?????? 1839?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? 45 ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?8500 ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????: ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???.

???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????.

??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 16 ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???.

??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????.

?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????.

??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.

????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????: ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 27 ?? ?????/???? 1839? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????.

??? ???7 ?? ?????/?? 1839?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????.

??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.

???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????: ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????.

??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????.

??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? 1840? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????/?????? 1841? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 18 ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????.

????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? 1848? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? 1849?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????.

??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????.