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???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? 30 ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?100 ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? 1200 ???? ?? ????? ??????.

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• ?????: ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1716 ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????: ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????.

• ?????: ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? 1753 ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????[3] ??? ????????? (??????? ?? ?????) ???? ??? ????????? ?(????? ???????) ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? (???? ?????) ???? ?????? ?(??? ??????) ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????[4].

• ?????: ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? :??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????  ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (????? ????)???? ?????? ?(???????)???? ????? ?????? ?(??????? ????????) ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? (??? ?????) ?????? ?(??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????) ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? (??? ????? ???????) ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????[5].

• ???: ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? 1821 ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????  ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????[6]? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? (???? ?????) ???? ?????? ?(????? ??????) ???? ??? ???? ?(??? ??????) ???? ???? ?(????? ???????) ???? ?????? ?(???????? ??????) ???? ????  ?(???????) ????????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???: ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? (???????) ?????? ??????? ?(???? ??? ????) ?(???????) ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ??????

???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????:

??????? ??????: ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.

??????? ???????: ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???.

??????? ???????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???.

??????? ???????: ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???: ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????[7].

???????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????.

[1] ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????: ????? ?????? 1988? ? 31-33.

[2] ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? 2/827.

[3] ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? 35-36.

[4] ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????: ????? ???????? 1984? ? 157-158.

[5] ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? 159-161.

[6] ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????: ??? ??????? 1996? ? 27-30.

[7] ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 2/830-834.